Brevet 2023 Histoire-géographie, EMC : sujet et corrigé

Exercice 1. Analyser et comprendre des documents en histoire (20 points)

HISTOIRE - La France défaite et occupée

Document 1 : Une salle de classe avant un discours du Maréchal Pétain diffusé à la radio et destiné aux écoliers français, à l’occasion de la rentrée scolaire en 1941
(Image montrant des écoliers et un instituteur devant un poste de radio, sous un portrait de Pétain et une affiche pour la fête des mères)

Texte de l’affiche de la fête des mères du 25 Mai 1941 :
« Ta maman a tout fait pour toi. Le Maréchal te demande de l’en remercier gentiment. Invente la surprise la plus belle que tu pourras, celle qui lui fera le plus grand plaisir. »
Source : Images de la France de Vichy, 1940-1944, La Documentation française, 1988

Document 2 : Une bande dessinée raconte l’histoire vraie de Joseph Weismann, enfant juif parisien arrêté lors de la rafle du Vel d’Hiv en Juillet 1942
(Planches montrant Joseph Weismann à l'école en mai 1942 portant l'étoile jaune, et une réunion le 4 juillet 1942 au siège de la Gestapo entre officiers SS et responsables de la police française comme René Bousquet et André Tulard pour organiser la rafle du 13 juillet).

Notes sur les personnes citées :

• René Bousquet est le secrétaire général de la police du régime de Vichy.
• André Tulard est fonctionnaire à la préfecture de police et l’auteur du « fichier Tulard », qui recense les Juifs de région parisienne. Ce fichier est utilisé lors de la rafle du Vel d’Hiv.
  Source : A. Delalande, L. Bidot, avec J. Weismann, Après la rafle, Une histoire vraie, Les Arènes BD, Janvier 2022 (pages 16 et 19)

QUESTIONS :

Document 1 :

1. Quels éléments de la photographie illustrent le culte de la personnalité organisé autour du Maréchal Pétain ?
2. Rappelez la devise de l'Etat français. Quel lien peut être établi entre cette devise et le texte de l’affiche de la fête des mères ?

Document 2 :
3) Relevez une obligation que devaient respecter les populations juives. D’après vos connaissances, quels étaient les objectifs de cette obligation ?
4) En vous appuyant sur le document, expliquez comment le régime de Vichy a collaboré avec les autorités allemandes pour l’arrestation des Juifs de France.

Documents 1 et 2 :
5) Le régime de Vichy est un régime autoritaire, antisémite et de collaboration. À partir des documents et de vos connaissances, proposez deux éléments qui illustrent chacune des caractéristiques du régime de Vichy.

Exercice 2. Maîtriser différents langages pour raisonner et utiliser des repères géographiques (20 points)

GÉOGRAPHIE - Les aires urbaines, une nouvelle géographie d’une France mondialisée

1. Développement construit
Sous la forme d’un développement construit d’une vingtaine de lignes, vous présenterez les dynamiques de l’étalement urbain : formes, causes et conséquences.

2. Comprendre et pratiquer un autre langage : utiliser des repères cartographiques
Schéma d’une aire urbaine, à compléter sur la page 5 et à rendre avec votre copie :
a- Dans la légende :

• Nommez les trois espaces d’une aire urbaine puis choisissez des figurés adaptés pour les représenter.
• Complétez la signification des deux types de flèches.
  b- Sur le schéma :
• Reportez les figurés choisis pour les espaces de l’aire urbaine.
• Reportez, dans les rectangles prévus à cet effet, les numéros des paysages de l’aire urbaine lyonnaise selon le type d’espace urbain auquel chacun appartient.

Documents iconographiques (Page 4) :

• Paysage N°1 : Vaulx-en-Velin (commune à 6 km de Lyon) - Grands ensembles d'immeubles.
• Paysage N°2 : Rue de la République, Lyon - Centre-ville commerçant et piétonnier.
• Paysage N°3 : Genas (commune à 20 km de Lyon) - Vue aérienne d'un quartier pavillonnaire (lotissements).

Annexe à compléter (Page 5) :
Schéma d’une aire urbaine
(Schéma avec trois zones concentriques, des flèches de flux et des cases $N^{\circ }$ pour placer les paysages)

Légende :

1. Les espaces de l’aire urbaine

• : _______________________________________________________
• : _______________________________________________________
• : _______________________________________________________

2. Les dynamiques de l’aire urbaine

• <--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 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